Process of upsetting set-screws, cap-screws, and the like.



T. TERRY.

PROCESS 0E UPSETTING SET SGEEWS, CAP SGREWS, ANDfTHE LIKE.

AXPLIGATION FILED APR.11, 1908.

Patented Aug. 5, 1913.

T. PERRY.

PROCESS 0E UPSETTING SET SGEEWS, CAP SGEEWS, AND THE LIKE.

APPLIGATION FILED APR.11, 1908.

L69,659 Patented Aug. 5, 1913.

2 SHEETS SHEET 9,.

snaren THOMAS FERRY, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

raocnss or` UPSETTING sniff-scma'ws,y oAP-scnEWs, AND THE LIKE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 5,1913.

Application filed April 11, 1908. Serial No. 426,428.

To all 'whom t may concern.'

Be it known that 1,' THOMAS FERRY, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented ce1 tain new and useful Improvements in ProC- esses of Upsetting Set-Screws, Cap-Screws, and the Like; and l heby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use the same. n

This invention relates to a process forupsetting or heading blanks for cap-screws, set-screws and the like.

With the processes heretofore employed only a limited portion or length ot' the blank or stock can be upset to form the head, or, in other words, the size of thel head for a certain diameter of material is limited, forl the reason that if it is attempted to upset a greater length of material, the punch or upsetting die on strikingfthe end of the blank will cause the latter to buckle or bendresulting in a very imperfect or unsymmetrical head being formed. Consequently, if a head of a size larger than that which can be obtainedv by the usual upsetting process is desired the bolt or screw must be machined out of larger stock than is desired for the shank, o-r the head must be welded to the shank.

The object of the present invention is to provide a process for upsetting or heading blanks for cap-screws, set-screws or the like by which a much greater length of material can be upset `to form the head than is possible with the processes heretofore employed.

My improved process comprises the expanding into the die first of a portion of the blank intermediate its ends and then one of the ends.

Considering the process more specifically7 I surround or inclose the blank in such a manner as t-o permit the'expanding or enlargin of a portion thereof intermediate its en s and then expand or enlarge .said portion by a blow on one end of the blank and thereby partially form the head and then uncover the end on which the head is to be formed and by a second, blow thereon complete the upsetting process.

For better understanding of my invention reference is had to the accompanying drawings showing one form of apparatus by which my improved process may be carried out, in whichl Figure 1 is a side elevation of an upsetting machine with parts thereof in section. Fig. 2 is an enlarged detail in section show ing the dies in position'for performing the rst step of the upsetting or heading process. Fig. f5 is a similar view showing the parts in position when the first. step in the upset* ting process has been performed and showing the blank or stock partially upset. Fig. 4f` is a sectional view similar to Figs. 2 and 3 showin the parts in position when the o upsetting is completed and showblank or stock with the upsetting completed. Figf is a-view ofthe blank as fed into the machine. Fig. 6 is a view of the same after the first blow has been struck showing the blank enlarged at a point intermediate its ends.` Fig. 7 shows the same after the upsetting is completed. Fig. 8 shows the same with the head trimmed and the shank threaded to form a set screw.l

Referring now to the figures of the drawings 10 'represents a part of the frame of the machine provided at the top with a guideway 11. Suitably mounted at one end of process ing the the frame is a main operating shaft 12,4

which is provided with a crank 13 to which is attached one end of a connecting rod or pitman 14. Mounted to slide in the guideway 11 and adapted to be reciprocated by the connecting rod is a cross head or slide 15 to which the opposite end of the rod 14 is connected at 16. At the end of the slide 15 is a die or punch holding block 17 which is adapted to be reciprocated by the slide 15, and also to move thereto as will be explained. The block 17 has an enlarged lower face 17a which is adapted to be engaged by mechanism to be explained to shift the block vertically. Secured-to the top of the block 16 is -a guiding and holding member 18 provided with a portion 18 which extends over the slide or cross head 15 and a portion 18b at right angles to the portion 18 and extending downward into an open slot slide or cross head. The engaging faces of the members 15, 17 and 18 are carefully machined, so that although the block 17 is held against the end of the slide or cross head 15 b v the portion 18b of the member 18, it may slide upward and downward across the end 18C. in the top of the being directly below the member 19.

of the cross head. Secured to the block 'are head forming members or punches 'desig- .lis provided with'a passageway 21a adapted to receive the blank and at its outer face with a cavity 21b in which the head of the bolt-or rivet' is' formed, the shape of the cavity being in this case such as to form a so called square head. The passageway 21a is enlarged at 2le for a purpose which will hereinafter appear. The 'passageway '21a and .cavity 21b are directly'in line ywith the head forming member 19 when the block 17 is in its lowermost position. The end of the frame against which the die rests yis provided with a passageway 22 in line with the passagewayiQl'and entering the passageway inthe die is a pin 23 which forms a backing V for the blank when the head is-formed and lkicks the blankout of the die when 'the upsetting is completed. The mechanism for accomplishing the latter will `be explained later.

The upsetting member 19 is provided witha sleeve or tubular member 24 which is I' fixed at one end in the block 17 and is pro- C 28 is shorter than the plunger vided on the exterior near the outer end with a reduced portion 24a forming a shoulder 24". member 24 is of two diameters the inner end being larger than the outer formi-ng on the interior a shoulder 24e. Slidably mounted on the interior of the sleeve 24 and fitting closely therein-is a plunger 25 provided with a bore 26 which is adapted to receive the end of the blank during the irst step of the upsetting process so that the plunger 25 surrounds the end of the blank. The plunger 25 has at its inner end a nut or ring 25 which is adapted to engage the inner shoulder 24.c so as to limit the outer movement of the plunger, and at its opposite end an outer enlarged portion forming a shoulder v25b and with a further enlarged portion forming a second shoulder 25. The plunger is normally held in its outer position by means of a coil sprinr 27 'which surrounds the outer end of the holding sleeve and the adjacent ortion of the plunger and bears against-the shoulder 24b and the shoulder25c. 1n the bore 26 of the plunger 24 is arranged a punch 28 which is preferably so arranged as to slide freely therein, but its outward movement'is limited by a head 28a on its inner end adapted to engage the inner end of the plunger. The punch 25 so that The interior of the tubular' when the spring 27 is compressed' and the lat the Sametime the shoulder 25b engages the outer end of the holding sleeve 24. TThe punch or upsetting member 20 is simply a hardened steel block having a Hat outer face and rigidly mounted on the block 17.

The mechanism for'rais'ing the block or punch -holding member 17 after the first stroke or after the upsetting is partially completed by the member 19, and the mechanism for kicking the headed bolt or rivet out of the die after the heading or upsetting is completed will now be described. Mounted upon the main shaft 12 is a gear wheel'29 which meshes with a second gear wheel 29` mounted upon a shaft 30 which is belowl the main shaft 12. Mounted upon a shaft 3l -near the opposite end of the machine and below the block 17 is a cam 32 which is adapted toengage the lower face of the block 17 so as to raise the latter at the proper time to present the punch 20 to the'blank. The cam 32 is connected in this case to the gear wheel 29 by means of a' connecting rod 33, so that the cam and the gear wheel will rotate in unison. The gear wheel 29 is preferably twice the size of the gear Wheel 29 so that the former will make one revolution while the'gear wheel 29 and the shaft 12 will make two revolutions, and the cam 32 is so `constructed that, after the heading or upsetting is partially completed by the member'19and during t-he second stroke of the slide o1' cross head, it will raise the block 17 and will hold it in its upper position, while the Vpunch 20 strikes the blank and completes the heading;

In order that the blank may be kicked out of the die when the heading or upsetting is completed I connect the pin 23 which extends into thek passageway or bore of the die from the'rear, to one end of a lever 34 which is pivoted intermediate its ends on the frame of the'pmachine-at 35 and is connected at its opposite end to aplunger 36 which is slidably mounted in the frame of the machine and carries at its inner end a roller 37 which engages a cani 40 (shown b dotted lines in Fig. 1) mounted on the sha t 81. The lower end of the lever 34 and the plunger 36 are held in their` innermost positions by means of a spring'39, the inward movement being limited by a' iiange 36a on the plunger 36. When the arts are in this position the pin 23 is held 1n its outermost position or in the position to form a backing for the blank. The cam 40 is so formed that after the second forward stroke of the slide or cross-head 15- and after the punch 2O has completed the upsetting it will come in contact with the roller 37 and force the plunger36 outward shoving the lower end' of the lever 34 outward and moving in the upper end which shoves in the in 23 which comes in contact with and kicks out the finished product.

The operation of the .machine and the steps of the process will now be described more fully. Although in a machine em ployed for carrying out my process the blanks will be cut from a long piece of stock material and will be fed to the die automatically, I have not shown this part, but with the simple apparatus here shown the blanks will be fed by hand. `When the blank which is shown in Fig. 5 is placed in the die and before the beginning of the stroke which forms the first part of the' upsetting, the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 1, the heading member 19 being in line with the blank. As the slide 15 moves forward and the plunger 25 approaches thedie, the end of the blank which projects-beyond the die enters the passageway in the end of the plunger 25, the passagewav being just large enough to permit the end of the blank to pass freely therein. As the slide and the parts carried thereby continue toward the die, the end of the plunger engagesthe face of the die and the endo'f the pin 23 engages the outer end of the blank, the parts then being in the position shown in Fig. 2. Further movement of the'parts causes the plunger to slide inward relative to the sleeve against the tension of the spring, and as the inner end of the punch is in engagement with the block 17, the metal of the blank is compressed, but as the outer end of the blank is surrounded by the end of the plunger this part cannot be upset, and as the metal will expand along the lines of least resistance, the force of the blow causes the metal intermediate the ends of the blank to expand outward and partially lill the cavit in the die. The position of the parts at t is stage of the upsetting process is shown in Fig. 3, and the shape of the head so far formed is shown in Fig. 6. The heading member 20 is then drawn away from the die 21 by the return stroke of the slide or cross head. During the second stroke of the latter the block 17 is shifted by the cam 32 and at the completion of the second stroke the punch 20 strikes the end of the blank vblank is knocked out of the die it will be as shown in Fig. 7 The body of the shank will have the same diameter as the blank had when it was fed into the machine but there will be an enlarged portion 38a next to the head. A thread is then rolled on the body of the blank and as the rolling of a thread always increases the diameter of the shank the threaded portion will then have the sarne diameter as the enlarged -part 38a. The shank therefore will have a uniform diameter from end to head instead of having,

as in the usual form, a section of smaller diameter between the threaded part and the head.

The process of 'upsetting or heading blanks for cap-screws, set-screws, and the like, which consists in providing a die having a matrix of the size and shape of thc complete head which is to be formed, then introducing the blank into the die so that the inner end of the blank projects beyond the matrix, inclosing the projecting end of the blank and applying pressure thereto to -crowd a portion of the projecting end back into the matrix while maintaining the remainder of the projecting portion the same shape and cross section as the blank, then removing the inclos'ing means from -the projecting end and upsetting the said projecting end into the matrix.

In testimony whereof, I sign the foregoing specification, inthe presence of two witnesses.

THOMAS FERRY.

Witnesses VICTOR C. LYNCH, N. L. MCDONNELL. 

